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说明书：
The invention relates to permanent magnets of the type SE-Fe-b, which exhibits the tetragonal phase SE2Fel4B as main phase, whereby SE is at least a rare RD element including Y.
Such a magnet is for example 24 655 known from the EP-OS 1. Magnets of the type SE-Fe-b exhibit highest today energy density standing for the order. Powder metallurgical prepared SE February magnets contain about 90% of the hard magnetic main phase SE2Fel4B. Except this main phase, the one tetragonal crystal structure exhibits and the essential characteristics of the magnets certain, is usually further a serum oak un a B-rich phase as well as additional some oxides and pores present. To the increase of the coercive force it is from the patent application mentioned known, the Magnetlegierung or the several elements of an aluminium, Ti, V, CR, Mn, Zr, Hf, Nb, TA, Mo, Ge, self-service, SN, Bi, to add Ni or W. Further it is known that can become increased by a partial substitution of irons by cobalts the Curie temperature. Adverse one is with known SE February magnets the decrease of the magnet values with increasing temperature.
Object of the invention is it to indicate permanent magnets of the type SE-Fe-b that opposite the known magnets both an increased coercive force and an improved temperature dependence of the coercive force exhibits as well as a method to its production.
The object becomes with the permanent magnet according to invention dissolved by the fact that the permanent magnet exhibits an additional boron-free phase, which contains SE, Fe and at least one of the elements Bi, Ga, in, tl, Ge, Pb, As, self-service, SE and/or width unit. The additional boron-free phase exhibits for instance the composition SE6Fel3M, whereby M is at least one of the above elements. That or the elements M can do up to a total amount of maximum 5 Gew. - % contained in the permanent magnet its. Prefered one becomes however a portion from 1 to 3.5 Gew. - %. Furthermore the permanent magnet can contain additions of Ti, Ni, V, Nb, TA, CR, Mo, W Mn, aluminium, Sr, SN and/or Hf of the coercive force in actual known amount to the increase further. From the same reason also a part of the iron can become by cobalts replaced.
The permanent magnet according to invention becomes from alloy powders prepared by consolidating the alloy powders and subsequent sinters, whereby the one part in form of a M-haltigen powder before consolidating the alloy powders becomes according to invention admixed. Thereby surprisingly achieved becomes that a new additional M-haltige phase arises. The main phase SE-Fe-b is essentially free of M., thereby. When suitable M-haltige alloys come in particular such alloys into question, which contain other alloying elements, which can be contained anyway into permanent magnet beside the element M; there is this therefore in particular Fe-m, CO-m as well as aluminium-m and Nb-M-alloys contrary to the powder metallurgy Beimisc according to invention of the element M becomes with the alloy supplied fusionmetallurgic from the Patent Laid open prior art method the known alloying elements Bi, self-service and Ga in pure form, already specified. Like there indicated, the remanence with rising content of these elements drops with these known magnets with Bi, self-service or Ge-additions.
In the following the invention becomes more near explained on the basis the embodiments and the fig. With the embodiments from an alloy one proceeded, (in Gew. - %) of 36.9% rare RD elements, of it 4.05% Dy, 0.97% B, 0.44% aluminium, 0.025% C, 0.19% O, 0.025% N, remainder iron, contains. A part of this alloy powder BiFe powder became powder metallurgical when grinding admixed, that approx. 98 Gew. - % Bi contained. This mixture as well as a Bi-free SEFeB alloy powder of the above composition became grain size of 2,85 and/or. 2,7 mu m fine-milled. Subsequent ones became various samples by mixtures from the Bi-haltigen and the Bi-free fine powders in before-calculated ratios prepared. The mixing ratios and the Bi-portion of the individual samples are in table 1 indicated. The samples became subsequent compressed and with various temperatures with different durations between 1060 and 1115 DEG C sintered. The sinter conditions are in table 2 listed. Subsequent ones were submitted the samples in actual known manner of an heat treatment with temperatures between 950 and 580 DEG C. With the magnets with 1% Bi-addition (sample 184-3) became with room temperature a remanence of 1,06 tesla and a coercive force of the polarization of more than 24 kOe measured. With a temperature of 150 DEG C white this magnet still another remanence of 0,89 tesla and a coercive force of the polarization of 6,4 kOe up.
The Bi-free permanent magnet (sample 184-1 as comparison example) white with room temperature a remanence of 1,1 tesla and a coercive force of the polarization of 21,3 kOe up. With a temperature of 150 DEG C the remanence of the comparison magnet 0.92 tesla and the coercive force of the polarization amounted to only 4.3 kOe. The Bi-haltige permanent magnet according to invention exhibits thus both with room temperature and especially with higher temperatures of approximately 150 DEG C higher coercive forces as the Bi-free permanent magnet.
In the fig the dependence of the coercive force is applied with a temperature of 150 DEG C of the examined magnets of the Bi-concentration and of the sinter conditions. From the fact is apparent that an increase of the coercive force up to a Bi-concentration of approximately 3 Gew. - % made, so that in the permanent magnet in particular a bending stop from 1 to 3.5 Gew. - becomes % prefered. With bending stops of 5 and more Gew. - % the coercive force removes against it from significant. Furthermore found became that the temperature coefficient of the remanence does not become practical affected by the Bi-addition.
The structure of the magnets according to invention became metallografisch and in the scanning electron microscope examined. With samples with Bi-addition found that an additional Bi-haltige phase, which contains Fe, Bi and SE, between which is contained of SE2Fel4B-Körnern. The phase exhibits the composition SE6Fel3Bi.
Table 1
EMI5.1
Table 2
EMI5.2
权利要求：
1. Permanent magnet of the type SE-Fe-b, which exhibits the tetragonal phase SE2Fel4B as main phase, whereby SE is at least a rare RD element including Y, characterised in that the permanent magnet an additional boron-free phase exhibits, which contains SE, Fe and at least one of the elements Bi, Ga, in, tl, Ge, Pb, As, self-service, SE and/or width unit.
2. Permanent magnet according to claim 1, characterised in that the additional boron-free phase the composition SE6Fel3M exhibits, whereby M is at least one of the elements Bi, Ga, in, tl, Ge, Pb, As, self-service, SE and/or width unit.
3. Permanent magnet according to claim 1, characterised in that the permanent magnet up to 5 Gew. - % Bi, Ga, in, tl, Ge, Pb, As, self-service, SE and/or width unit contains.
4. Permanent magnet according to claim 3, characterised in that the permanent magnet 1 to 3.5 Gew. - % Bi, Ga, in, tl, Ge, Pb, As, self-service, SE and/or width unit contains.
5.Dauermagnet according to claim 3, characterised in that the permanent magnet further additions of Ti, Ni, V, Nb, TA, CR, Mo, W, Mn, aluminium, Sr, SN and/or Hf contains.
6. Permanent magnet according to claim 3, characterised in that a part of the iron by cobalt replaced is.
7. Method to the production of a permanent magnet of the type SE-Fe-b, whereby SE is at least a rare RD element including yttrium, from alloy powders by consolidating the alloy powders and subsequent sinters, characterised in that the alloy powders at least one of the elements M: Bi, Ga, in, tl, Ge, Pb, As, self-service, SE and/or width unit in form of a M-haltigen powder before consolidating admixed becomes.
8. Process according to claim 7, characterised in that the M-haltige powder an FeM alloy is.
9. Process according to claim 7, characterised in that the M-haltige powder an CoM alloy is.
10. Process according to claim 7, characterised in that the M-haltige powder a AlM or an NbM alloy or a M-powder is.
11. Process according to claim 7, characterised in that up to 5 Gew. - % at least one of the elements M admixed becomes. |
